Tugas Sotskill Materi Bulan 4

Exercise 37 Hal 138 Relative Clauses

1.      that

2.      that

3.      whom

4.      whom

5.      that

6.      whom

7.      whom

8.      whom

9.      that

10.  that

11.  whom

12.  that

13.  whom

14.  that

15.  whom

Exercise 38 Hal 139 Relative clause reduction

1.      George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

2.      All of the money accepted has already been released.

3.      The papers on the table belong to Patricia.

4.      The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.

5.      The girl drinking coffee is Mery Allen.

6.      John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.

7.      The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.

8.      The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.

9.      The number of students counted is quite high.

10.  Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Pengertian Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun adalah kata ganti untuk membentuk relative clause yang menerangkan nounpada main clause suatu complex sentence. Di dalam relative clause, relative pronoun dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object, atau possessive dimana pada kata ganti ini tidak ada perbedaan pada number (singular atau plural) maupun gender (male atau female). Kata ganti ini meliputi: who, whom, whose, which, dan that dan indefinite relative pronoun dengan suffix -ever, yaitu: whoever, whomever, & whichever.

Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-penggunaan-dan-contoh-kalimat-relative-pronouns

Tugas Materi Softskill Bulan 3

Passive Voice

Soal :

1.      Somebody calls the president everyday

2.      John is calling the other members

3.      Somebody will call Mr Walson tonight

4.      The fire has caused considerate damage 

5.      The teacher should buy the supplies for this class

Jawaban :

1.      The President was called by somebody everyday

2.      The other members is being called by John

3.      Mr. Walson will be called by somebody tonight

4.      Considerate damage has been caused by the fire

5.      The supplies should be bought by the teacher for this class

Exercise 36 Causative Verb

1.       The Teacher made juan to leave the room.

2.      Toshiko had her car repair by a mechanic.

3.      Ellen got Marvin typed her paper.

4.      I made jane call her friend on the telephone.

5.      we got our house painted last week.

6.      Dr Byrd is having the students write a composition.

7.      The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground.

8.      Mark got his transcript sent to the university.

9.      Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow.

10.  We will have to get the Dean to sign this form.

11.  The teacher let Al leave the classroom.

12.  Maria got Ed washed the pippets.

13.  She always has her car fixed by the same mechanic.

14.  Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher.

15.  We have to help janet to find her keys.

Causative Verb

Causative verb menunjukkan seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri, tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya.

Contoh:

- Yesterday I had my hair cut.

Pembicara pada kalimat diatas tidak memotong sendiri rambutnya, tetapi justru membuat orang lain melakukannya - Saya “menyebabkan” mereka memotong rambut saya.

·        Have

Have merupakan causative verb yang umum. Ketimbang melakukan sesuatu dengan diri kita sendiri, kita “menyuruh” orang yang lain untuk melakukannya. Bentuknya sebagai berikut:

Kata kerja “to have” + objek + past participle (verb 3).

Contoh:

1.      I had my jacket cleaned yesterday.

2.      Did you have your computer fixed?

Terkadang kita menggunakan have sebagai causative verb ketika kita ingin melakukan tindakan oleh diri kita sendiri.

Contoh:

1.      When will the report be ready? I’ll do it by tomorrow morning.

2.      When will the report be ready? I’ll have it done by tomorrow morning.

Dengan menggunakan causative, kalimat ke-dua diatas mengalihkan perhatian dari pelaku tindakan, dan lebih memberikan perhatian kepada tindakan yang sedang dilakukan. Ini kedengaran sopan dan profesional.

·        Get

Get sering digunakan ketimbang have.

Contoh:

1.       I got my computer fixed - I had my computer fixed. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

2.       I got my jacket cleaned. - I had my jacket cleaned. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

Causative verbs sering digunakan bersama dengan pengalaman-pengalaman negatif. Pada situasi-situasi ini lebih umum menggunakan have.

Contoh:

1.       I had my wallet stolen. (Saya sebenarnya tidak menyebabkan dompet saya dicuri - seseorang mencuri dompet saya dariku)

2.       She had her window smashed.

·        Let

Let digunakan untuk membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Bentuknya adalah let + orang + verb. Contoh:

1.       John let me drive his new car.

2.       Will your parents let you go to the party?

3.       I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.

·        Make

Make digunakan untuk memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Bentuknya adalah make + orang + verb.

Contoh:

1.       My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.

2.       Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?

3.       She made her children do their homework.

Ringkasan Bahasa Inggris

BAHASA INGGRIS

Beberapa ringkasan penjelasan dan contoh dari pengertiaan dibawah ini yang mudah untuk dipahami, yaitu :

A.      Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause (dependent clause) yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main clause (independent clause) berupa result/consequence (hasil).

Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0. Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Rumus Conditional Sentence berbagai tipeType                Rumus Conditional Sentence

Type	Rumus Conditional Sentence
0	if + simple present, simple present
1	if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
2	if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive
3	if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Contoh Conditional Sentence :

Berikut contoh conditional sentence pada berbagai tipe sesuai dengan rumus di atas.

Type	Contoh Conditional Sentence
0	If we burn paper, it becomes ash.  (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)
1	If I meet him, I will introduce myself.  (Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)
2	If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.  (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)
3	If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.  (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

B.      Adjective dan Adverb

Sebagian adverb (kata keterangan) merupakan gabungan dari adjective (kata sifat) dengan suffix (akhiran) -ly. Dua part of speech ini dengan formulasi tertentu dapat digabungkan untuk membentuk suatu phrase (frasa).

Contoh Rumus Adjective dan Adverb

Rumus adjective dan adverb serta beberapa contoh kata dan kalimatnya adalah sebagai berikut.

Rumus Adjective dan Adverb	Contoh Kata/ Frasa	Contoh Kalimat
Adverb = adjective + ly; kecuali: elderly, friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, silly	accurately, badly, hardly, quickly, separately	My mother got up early and cooked breakfast quickly. (Ibuku bangun pagi dan memasak sarapan dengan cepat.)
adverb + adverb + adjective	much more better, much more harder	She’s much more better in debating than you. (Dia jauh lebih baik dalam berdebat dibanding kamu.)
adverb + adjective	totally easy, very kind,extremely dilligent	The book is totally easy to understand even for children. (Buku tersebut sangat mudah untuk dimengerti untuk anak-anak sekalipun.)

C.      Linking verb

Linking verb adalah kata kerja yang menghubungkan subject dengan informasi atau deskripsi tentang subject tersebut (subject complement — berupa noun, adjective, atau adverb). Berbeda dengan main verb yang dapat menunjukkan aksi/tindakan, kata ini hanya sebagai penghubung. Dengan demikian kata kerja ini selalu intransitive karena tidak ada direct object yang menerima aksi.

Linking verbs terdiri dari: verb of sensation (feel, look, smell, sound, taste) dan verb of being (act, appear, be, become, continue, grow, prove, remain, seem, dan turn).

Linking Verb Be

Linking verbs be antara lain: is, am, are, was, were, dan be. Dengan is, am, dan are digunakan pada present tense, was dan were pada past tense, be pada present subjunctive & imperative, dan were pada past subjunctive.

Selain digunakan sebagai linking verb, “be” digunakan pula sebagai auxilliary verb. Bedanya, Auxiliary ”be” diikuti verb (participle).

Contoh Kalimat dengan Be:

·         The cat is funny. (linking verb, diikuti subject complement)

·         The man is sitting on the plane. (auxilliary, diikuti participle)

Sumber :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-if-conditional-sentence-type-0-1-2-3

http://www.wordsmile.com/adjective-dan-adverb

Tugas Materi Softskill Bulan 2

Exercise 33 Because / Because of Hal. 121

 1. because

 2. because

 3. because of

 4. because

 5. because of

 6. because of

 7. because of

 8. because

 9. because

 10. because of

Exercise 34 so/ such Hal. 124

 1. so

 2. such

 3. so

 4. such

 5. so

 6. so

 7. such

 8. so

 9. such

 10. such

 11. so

 12. so

 13. such

 14. so

 15. so

Sentence Connectors and Sentences - Showing Cause / EffectSentence Connectors and Sentences - Showing Cause / Effect

Sentence connectors are words and phrases that connect sentences to help with understanding. Sentence connectors are also known as linking language. This linking language can be used to order what you have to say, show opposition, provide clarification and so on. In many grammar books, you will find information about sentence connectors when reading about subordinating conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions and so on.

 Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style.

                       

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjuctions	for (cause), so (effect)	Professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient, for their positions are at times rather stressful.
Subordinating conjunctions	because, since	Since high level positions are at times rather stressful, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Conjunctive adverbs	therefore, as a result, consequently	High level positions are at times rather stressful; therefore, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Prepositions	because of, due to, as a result of	Due to the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.

           

Cause and Effect (So, Such)

Cause and effect relationships are constructed using the following formula.

subject + verb + so + adjective adverb + that + subject + verb

He was so hungry that he ate the entire pizza.

The hill was so steep that Mario couldn’t climb it.

John needed money so badly that he sold his baseball card collection.

The children are playing so intently that they don’t notice it’s raining.

That fire is so hot that it could easily burn you if you get too close.

Intensive modifiers are commonly added to provide extra emphasis. Study the following rules for using intensive modifiers with plural count and non-count nouns.

subject + verb + so +

many/ few

+ plural count noun + that + subject + verb

Eric had so many puppies that he gave some away to friends.

My aunt’s health food store had so few customers that she had to close it.

subject + verb + so +

much/ little

+ non-count noun + that + subject + verb

She put so much sugar in her coffee that she couldn’t drink it.

Jason spent [u]so[/u] little time on the project that it wasn’t ready for the meeting.

Other forms which are commonly used are such a and such that.

subject + verb + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that. . .

Ricky had such a bad attitude that he was expelled from school.

Charlotte was such an intelligent student that she was offered a valuable scholarship.

subject + verb such + adjective + plural count noun + that + subject + verb

Tommy has such outstanding skills that he could play professional baseball.

plural count noun

The referees made such bad calls that the fans were very angry.

plural count noun

She had such tarnished silver that she was embarrassed to use it for the reunion.

non-count noun

The burning building had such thick smoke that the firemen had difficulty seeing.

non-count noun

Sumber :

http://gmatclub.com/forum/gmat-grammar-book-modal-auxiliary-verbs-100606.html

http://esl.about.com/od/writingadvanced/a/wc_addition.htm