Tugas Materi Softskill Bulan 3

Passive Voice

Soal :

1.      Somebody calls the president everyday

2.      John is calling the other members

3.      Somebody will call Mr Walson tonight

4.      The fire has caused considerate damage 

5.      The teacher should buy the supplies for this class

Jawaban :

1.      The President was called by somebody everyday

2.      The other members is being called by John

3.      Mr. Walson will be called by somebody tonight

4.      Considerate damage has been caused by the fire

5.      The supplies should be bought by the teacher for this class

Exercise 36 Causative Verb

1.       The Teacher made juan to leave the room.

2.      Toshiko had her car repair by a mechanic.

3.      Ellen got Marvin typed her paper.

4.      I made jane call her friend on the telephone.

5.      we got our house painted last week.

6.      Dr Byrd is having the students write a composition.

7.      The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground.

8.      Mark got his transcript sent to the university.

9.      Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow.

10.  We will have to get the Dean to sign this form.

11.  The teacher let Al leave the classroom.

12.  Maria got Ed washed the pippets.

13.  She always has her car fixed by the same mechanic.

14.  Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher.

15.  We have to help janet to find her keys.

Causative Verb

Causative verb menunjukkan seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri, tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya.

Contoh:

- Yesterday I had my hair cut.

Pembicara pada kalimat diatas tidak memotong sendiri rambutnya, tetapi justru membuat orang lain melakukannya - Saya “menyebabkan” mereka memotong rambut saya.

·        Have

Have merupakan causative verb yang umum. Ketimbang melakukan sesuatu dengan diri kita sendiri, kita “menyuruh” orang yang lain untuk melakukannya. Bentuknya sebagai berikut:

Kata kerja “to have” + objek + past participle (verb 3).

Contoh:

1.      I had my jacket cleaned yesterday.

2.      Did you have your computer fixed?

Terkadang kita menggunakan have sebagai causative verb ketika kita ingin melakukan tindakan oleh diri kita sendiri.

Contoh:

1.      When will the report be ready? I’ll do it by tomorrow morning.

2.      When will the report be ready? I’ll have it done by tomorrow morning.

Dengan menggunakan causative, kalimat ke-dua diatas mengalihkan perhatian dari pelaku tindakan, dan lebih memberikan perhatian kepada tindakan yang sedang dilakukan. Ini kedengaran sopan dan profesional.

·        Get

Get sering digunakan ketimbang have.

Contoh:

1.       I got my computer fixed - I had my computer fixed. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

2.       I got my jacket cleaned. - I had my jacket cleaned. Kedua kalimat ini maknanya sama.

Causative verbs sering digunakan bersama dengan pengalaman-pengalaman negatif. Pada situasi-situasi ini lebih umum menggunakan have.

Contoh:

1.       I had my wallet stolen. (Saya sebenarnya tidak menyebabkan dompet saya dicuri - seseorang mencuri dompet saya dariku)

2.       She had her window smashed.

·        Let

Let digunakan untuk membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Bentuknya adalah let + orang + verb. Contoh:

1.       John let me drive his new car.

2.       Will your parents let you go to the party?

3.       I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.

·        Make

Make digunakan untuk memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Bentuknya adalah make + orang + verb.

Contoh:

1.       My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.

2.       Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?

3.       She made her children do their homework.

Ringkasan Bahasa Inggris

BAHASA INGGRIS

Beberapa ringkasan penjelasan dan contoh dari pengertiaan dibawah ini yang mudah untuk dipahami, yaitu :

A.      Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause (dependent clause) yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main clause (independent clause) berupa result/consequence (hasil).

Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0. Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Rumus Conditional Sentence berbagai tipeType                Rumus Conditional Sentence

Type	Rumus Conditional Sentence
0	if + simple present, simple present
1	if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
2	if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive
3	if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Contoh Conditional Sentence :

Berikut contoh conditional sentence pada berbagai tipe sesuai dengan rumus di atas.

Type	Contoh Conditional Sentence
0	If we burn paper, it becomes ash.  (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)
1	If I meet him, I will introduce myself.  (Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)
2	If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.  (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)
3	If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.  (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

B.      Adjective dan Adverb

Sebagian adverb (kata keterangan) merupakan gabungan dari adjective (kata sifat) dengan suffix (akhiran) -ly. Dua part of speech ini dengan formulasi tertentu dapat digabungkan untuk membentuk suatu phrase (frasa).

Contoh Rumus Adjective dan Adverb

Rumus adjective dan adverb serta beberapa contoh kata dan kalimatnya adalah sebagai berikut.

Rumus Adjective dan Adverb	Contoh Kata/ Frasa	Contoh Kalimat
Adverb = adjective + ly; kecuali: elderly, friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, silly	accurately, badly, hardly, quickly, separately	My mother got up early and cooked breakfast quickly. (Ibuku bangun pagi dan memasak sarapan dengan cepat.)
adverb + adverb + adjective	much more better, much more harder	She’s much more better in debating than you. (Dia jauh lebih baik dalam berdebat dibanding kamu.)
adverb + adjective	totally easy, very kind,extremely dilligent	The book is totally easy to understand even for children. (Buku tersebut sangat mudah untuk dimengerti untuk anak-anak sekalipun.)

C.      Linking verb

Linking verb adalah kata kerja yang menghubungkan subject dengan informasi atau deskripsi tentang subject tersebut (subject complement — berupa noun, adjective, atau adverb). Berbeda dengan main verb yang dapat menunjukkan aksi/tindakan, kata ini hanya sebagai penghubung. Dengan demikian kata kerja ini selalu intransitive karena tidak ada direct object yang menerima aksi.

Linking verbs terdiri dari: verb of sensation (feel, look, smell, sound, taste) dan verb of being (act, appear, be, become, continue, grow, prove, remain, seem, dan turn).

Linking Verb Be

Linking verbs be antara lain: is, am, are, was, were, dan be. Dengan is, am, dan are digunakan pada present tense, was dan were pada past tense, be pada present subjunctive & imperative, dan were pada past subjunctive.

Selain digunakan sebagai linking verb, “be” digunakan pula sebagai auxilliary verb. Bedanya, Auxiliary ”be” diikuti verb (participle).

Contoh Kalimat dengan Be:

·         The cat is funny. (linking verb, diikuti subject complement)

·         The man is sitting on the plane. (auxilliary, diikuti participle)

Sumber :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-if-conditional-sentence-type-0-1-2-3

http://www.wordsmile.com/adjective-dan-adverb

Tugas Materi Softskill Bulan 2

Exercise 33 Because / Because of Hal. 121

 1. because

 2. because

 3. because of

 4. because

 5. because of

 6. because of

 7. because of

 8. because

 9. because

 10. because of

Exercise 34 so/ such Hal. 124

 1. so

 2. such

 3. so

 4. such

 5. so

 6. so

 7. such

 8. so

 9. such

 10. such

 11. so

 12. so

 13. such

 14. so

 15. so

Sentence Connectors and Sentences - Showing Cause / EffectSentence Connectors and Sentences - Showing Cause / Effect

Sentence connectors are words and phrases that connect sentences to help with understanding. Sentence connectors are also known as linking language. This linking language can be used to order what you have to say, show opposition, provide clarification and so on. In many grammar books, you will find information about sentence connectors when reading about subordinating conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions and so on.

 Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style.

                       

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjuctions	for (cause), so (effect)	Professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient, for their positions are at times rather stressful.
Subordinating conjunctions	because, since	Since high level positions are at times rather stressful, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Conjunctive adverbs	therefore, as a result, consequently	High level positions are at times rather stressful; therefore, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Prepositions	because of, due to, as a result of	Due to the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.

           

Cause and Effect (So, Such)

Cause and effect relationships are constructed using the following formula.

subject + verb + so + adjective adverb + that + subject + verb

He was so hungry that he ate the entire pizza.

The hill was so steep that Mario couldn’t climb it.

John needed money so badly that he sold his baseball card collection.

The children are playing so intently that they don’t notice it’s raining.

That fire is so hot that it could easily burn you if you get too close.

Intensive modifiers are commonly added to provide extra emphasis. Study the following rules for using intensive modifiers with plural count and non-count nouns.

subject + verb + so +

many/ few

+ plural count noun + that + subject + verb

Eric had so many puppies that he gave some away to friends.

My aunt’s health food store had so few customers that she had to close it.

subject + verb + so +

much/ little

+ non-count noun + that + subject + verb

She put so much sugar in her coffee that she couldn’t drink it.

Jason spent [u]so[/u] little time on the project that it wasn’t ready for the meeting.

Other forms which are commonly used are such a and such that.

subject + verb + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that. . .

Ricky had such a bad attitude that he was expelled from school.

Charlotte was such an intelligent student that she was offered a valuable scholarship.

subject + verb such + adjective + plural count noun + that + subject + verb

Tommy has such outstanding skills that he could play professional baseball.

plural count noun

The referees made such bad calls that the fans were very angry.

plural count noun

She had such tarnished silver that she was embarrassed to use it for the reunion.

non-count noun

The burning building had such thick smoke that the firemen had difficulty seeing.

non-count noun

Sumber :

http://gmatclub.com/forum/gmat-grammar-book-modal-auxiliary-verbs-100606.html

http://esl.about.com/od/writingadvanced/a/wc_addition.htm

Tugas Materi Softskill Bulan 1

Exercise 21 Conditional sentences Hal. 97-98

1.      Henry talks to his dog as if it understood him.

2.      If they had left the house earlier, they would not have been so late getting to the airport that they could not check their baggage.

3.      If I finish the dress before Saturday, I will give it to my sister for her birthday.

4.      If I had seen the movie, I would had you about it last night.

5.      Had bob not interfered in his sister’s marital problems, there would have been peace between them.

6.      He would give you the money if he had it.

7.      I wish they stopped making so much noise so that I could concentrate.

8.      She would call you immediately if she needed help.

9.      Had they arrived at the sale early, they would have found a better selection.

10.  We hope that you enjoyed the party last night.

11.  If you have enough time, please painting the chair before you leave.

12.  We could go for a drive if today were Saturday.

13.  If she wins the prize, it will be because she writes very well.

14.  Mike wished that the editors had permitted him to copy some of their material.

15.  Joel wishes that he had spent his vacation on the gulf coast next year.

16.  I will accept if they invite me to the party.

17.  If your mother buys that car for you, will you be happy.

18.  If he had decided earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.

19.  Had we known your address, we would have written you a letter.

20.  If the roofer doesn’t come soon, the rain will leak inside.

21.  Because rose did so poorly on the exam, she wishes that she studied harder last night.

22.  My dog always wakes me up if he hears strange noises.

23.  If you see mary today, please ask her to call me.

24.  If he gets the raise, it will be because he does a good job.

25.  The teacher will not accept our work if we turn it in late.

26.  Mrs. Wood always talks to her tenth-grade student as though they were adults.

27.  If he had left already, he would have called us.

28.  If they had known him, they would have talked to him.

29.  He would understand it if you explained it to him more slowly.

30.  I could understand the French teacher if she spoke more slowly.

Exercise 26 Adjectives and Adverbs Hal. 107

1.       Rita plays the violin well.

2.       That is an intense novel.

3.       The sun is shining brightly.

4.       The girls speak fluent French.

5.       The boys speak Spanish fluently.

6.       The table has a smooth surface.

7.       We must figure our income tax returns accurately.

8.       We don't like to drink bitter tea.

9.       The plane will arrive soon.

10.   He had an accident because he was driving too fast.

Exercise 27 Linking ( Copulative ) Verbs Hal. 109

1.         Your cold sounds terrible.

2.         The pianist plays very well.

3.         The food in the restaurant always tasted good.

4.         The campers remained calmly despite the thunderstrom.

5.         They became sick after eating the contaminated food.

6.         Professor Calandra looked quick at the students sketches.

7.         Paco was working diligently on the project.

8.         Paul protested vehemently about the new proposals.

9.         Our neighbour appeared relaxed after their vacation.

10.     The music sounded too noisy to be classical.

Exercise 28 Comparisons Hal. 114

1.         John an his friends left as soon as the professor had finished his lecture.

2.         His job is more important than his friend's.

3.         He plays the guitar as well as Andreas Segovia

4.         A new house is much more expensive than an older one.

5.         Last week was as hot as this week.

6.         Martha is more talented than her cousin.

7.         Bill's descriptions are more colorful than this wife's.

8.         Nobody is happier than Maria Elena.

9.         The boys felt worse than the girls about losing the game.

10.     A greyhound runs faster than a Chihuahua.

Exercise 29 Comparisons Hal. 114

1.       The Empire State Building is taller than the Statue of Liberty.

2.       California is farther from New York than Pennsylvania.

3.       Hi assignment is different from mine.

4.       Louie reads more quickly than his sisters.

5.       No animal is so big as King Kong.

6.       Than report is less impressive than the government's.

7.       Sam wears the same shirt as his teammates.

8.       Dave paints much more realistically than his professor.

9.       The twins have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.

10.   Her sports car is different from Nancy's.

Exercise 30 Comparisons Hal. 117

1.       Of the four dresses, i like the red one best.

2.       Phil is the happiest person we know.

3.       Pat's car is faster than Dan's.

4.       This is the creamiest ice cream i have had in long time.

5.       This poster is more colorful than the one in the hall.

6.       Does Fred feel better today than he did yesterday?

7.       This vegetable soup tastes very good.

8.       While trying to balance the baskets on her head, the woman walk more awkwardly than her daughter.

9.       Jane is the least athletic of all the woman.

10.   My cat is the prettier of the two.

11.   This summary is the best of the pair.

12.   Your heritage is different from mine.

13.   This painting is less impressive than the one in the other gallery.

14.   The colder the weather gets, the sicker i feel.

15.   No sooner had he received the letter than he called Maria.

16.   A mink coat costs twice as much as a sable coat.

17.   Jim has a few opportunities to play tennis as I.

18.   That recipe calls for much more sugar than mine does.

19.   The museum is the farthest away of the three buildings.

20.   George Washington is more famous than John Jay.